3d microfluidic model system  (Mimetas Inc)

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Construction, evaluation, and applications of renal barrier-on-a-chip system

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.032

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Co-culturing hiPSC-derived tubular cells with immortalized cells in a flow-based OoC resulted in a 2-fold higher TEER compared to static co-cultures(a) Evaluation by the TEER evolution with culture time for the RPTEC-only and coculture tissue layers. (b) Time course of reported resistances of the RPTEC-only (blue circles), bilayer (red squares), and HUVEC-only (green triangles) tissue layers .(B) Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip device reconstitutes kidney glomerular capillary function in vitro. (a) Quantification of the glomerular filtration (urinary clearance) of albumin and inulin molecules that were continuously infused over 6 h into the capillary channel of the glomerulus chip that was lined by hiPS-cell-derived podocytes and human glomerular endothelial cells. (b) Filtration of albumin and inulin in control microfluidic chips without human kidney podocytes quantified over 6 h of continuous infusion using the methods described above. RPTECs, renal proximal tubular epithelial cells . (C) Cyclosporine and cisplatin toxicity are reversed by SGLT2 inhibition. (a) Schematic of glucose transport in proximal tubule cells and mechanism of nephroprotective effect of empagliflozin (gliflozin). (b) Fluorescent glucose analog and lipid accumulation in 3D cysts exposed to cyclosporine or cisplatin in the presence or absence of empagliflozin . (D) Reactive oxygen species production of glomerular cells after exposure to high glucose conditions at different concentrations . (E) Assessment of the filtration capacity of RPTEC tissue showing the effects of HUVECs and flow induced shear stress. (a) Transfer rates of the glucose probe, 2NBDG measured in static and perfused culture conditions. Both reabsorption (a → b) and reverse transfer rates (b → a) were quantified. (b) Fluorescent confocal z-stacked images of the RPTEC tissue layer in bilayer and single layer configurations. A considerably higher amount of BSA was precipitated in the basolateral milieu of RPTECs in the bilayer system indicating a higher intake of the substrate .

Article Snippet: , Enabled high-throughput screening of drug-transporter interactions in a 3D microfluidic tubule model. , Mimetas OrganoPlate platform (384-well format); collagen I gel channel. , Conditionally immortalized human proximal tubule cells (ciPTEC-OAT1) , Expressed OAT1, OCT2, P-gp, MRP2/4; validated P-gp substrate efflux function. , Early-stage drug transporter interaction screening; high-throughput toxicity assessment. , [ ] .

Techniques: Derivative Assay, In Vitro, Filtration, Control, Inhibition, Shear

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Construction, evaluation, and applications of renal barrier-on-a-chip system

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.032

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Renal Barrier Chip Designs. (A) RGD peptide functionalization of PEEK surfaces via a polydopamine coating improves biocompatibility and cell response . (B) Functionalization of PETE membranes for the enhancement of cellular adhesion in Organ-on-a-Chip devices . (C) A novel microfluidic platform that combines two plasma surface treatments: PAC and APPJ, enable reagent-free covalent immobilization of biomolecules is described here . (D) Stiffness-tunable gelatin-mTG hydrogel provides an ideal platform to study kidney podocyte mechanotransduction . (E) the modified photolithography and micromolding process used to prepare the micro-hemispherical “bubble” topography for podocyte cultivation . (F) MDCK cells are seeded on a fibronectin reservoir in front of a PDMS block containing cylindrical microtubes of different sizes. The cells start crawling into the openings of the microtubes once they are in full confluenc . (G) Design of microfluidic Organ Chip device to recapitulate the structure and function of the kidney glomerular capillary wall . (H) Design of the biologically inspired microfluidic extruded topographic hollow fiber (h-FIBER), consisting of a vessel-like perfusable tubular channel and a glomerulus-like knot with microconvex topography on its surface . (I) Fabrication of 3D VasPT Models via Sacrificial Printing . (J) Formation of channels in the chip via pre-placed inner pins, which are removed after matrix solidification . (K) Multiphoton-guided creation of 3D cellularized microvessels . (L) Schematic of the construction steps of the glomerulus chip, where bundles of hollow fibers were spherically twisted and embedded in designed Bowman's capsules to form spherical glomerular capillary tufts .

Article Snippet: , Enabled high-throughput screening of drug-transporter interactions in a 3D microfluidic tubule model. , Mimetas OrganoPlate platform (384-well format); collagen I gel channel. , Conditionally immortalized human proximal tubule cells (ciPTEC-OAT1) , Expressed OAT1, OCT2, P-gp, MRP2/4; validated P-gp substrate efflux function. , Early-stage drug transporter interaction screening; high-throughput toxicity assessment. , [ ] .

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Modification, Blocking Assay, Capsules

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Construction, evaluation, and applications of renal barrier-on-a-chip system

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.032

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation and Validation of Renal Barrier Models. (A) High-resolution electron microscopy analysis of tissue-specific phenotypes in the engineered glomerulus biomimetic microfluidic device . Red arrows indicate podocyte foot processes and formation of interdigitation-like organization, green arrows indicate formation of secondary and tertiary foot processes, and orange arrows indicate formation of short protrusions around the SF nanofibers. (B) PTECs and GMECs seeded in 3D VasPT tissues exhibit healthy and mature phenotypes. TEM and SEM micrographs showing densely packed PTEC microvilli that are ∼1.2 μm in height . (C) The podocyte lines form a continuous layer, distinguishable from the human glomerular endothelial cells layer in Organoplate™ . (D) Developing kidney organoids cultured in vitro under high fluid flow exhibit enhanced vascularization during nephrogenesis .

Article Snippet: , Enabled high-throughput screening of drug-transporter interactions in a 3D microfluidic tubule model. , Mimetas OrganoPlate platform (384-well format); collagen I gel channel. , Conditionally immortalized human proximal tubule cells (ciPTEC-OAT1) , Expressed OAT1, OCT2, P-gp, MRP2/4; validated P-gp substrate efflux function. , Early-stage drug transporter interaction screening; high-throughput toxicity assessment. , [ ] .

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Electron Microscopy, Cell Culture, In Vitro

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Construction, evaluation, and applications of renal barrier-on-a-chip system

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.032

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Renal Barrier Applications. (A)A disease model of diabetic nephropathy in a glomerulus-on-a-chip microdevice. (a) GFB filtration dysfunction under high glucose conditions (b) Visualized images of migrated glomerular cells along with the GFB on 3D basement membrane in dynamic culture under high glucose conditions. The podocyte processes were observed to protrude into the 3D Matrigel over time. The white arrows represent the podocyte processes . (B) Validation of the hAKPC-P GOAC system as a diagnostic and drug screening platform. (a) The GOAC was exposed to serum from patients with other kidney diseases (FSGS, AS, PKD) to assess albumin permeability. (b) The GOAC was treated with MN serum in the presence or absence of the therapeutic drug α-MSH, and its effect on albumin leakage was evaluated . (C) Drug-induced nephrotoxicity tests of glomerulus and proximal tubule MPS. (a) Dynamic cellular images at 7 days after exposure to nephrotoxins in Drug-induced nephrotoxicity tests. (b) Glucose clearance (mL min−1) across all drug conditions . (D) Measurement of oxygen consumption rates of human renal proximal tubule cells in an array of organ-on-chip devices to monitor drug-induced metabolic shifts. (a) Bottom view of the O-MCP with 96 devices and a zoomed-in image of a single device. (b) Cross-section side view of an O-MCP device. (c) The O-MCP and corresponding measurement technique allowed single devices to be measured repeatedly or multiple devices to be measured sequentially . (E)Validation of targeted inhibition of URAT1 transporter by kaempferide based on a kidneyon-a-chip. a) Design and structure of the microfluidic chip.; b) 3D structure drawing and binding site prediction of the docking model of kaemperide and URAT1 . (F)An implantable bioreactor for renal cell therapy. (a) Bioreactor design and constituent components. (b) Relative positional relationship between the blood flow pathway and the cell culture region. c) High cell viability on cell inserts after 3- and 7- day implants .

Article Snippet: , Enabled high-throughput screening of drug-transporter interactions in a 3D microfluidic tubule model. , Mimetas OrganoPlate platform (384-well format); collagen I gel channel. , Conditionally immortalized human proximal tubule cells (ciPTEC-OAT1) , Expressed OAT1, OCT2, P-gp, MRP2/4; validated P-gp substrate efflux function. , Early-stage drug transporter interaction screening; high-throughput toxicity assessment. , [ ] .

Techniques: Filtration, Membrane, Biomarker Discovery, Diagnostic Assay, Drug discovery, Permeability, Inhibition, Binding Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: Biosensors

Article Title: Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers

doi: 10.3390/bios15030176

Figure Lengend Snippet: BoC development milestones.

Article Snippet: A 3D microfluidic model: A 3D modeling of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma microenvironment. , Limitations of the model: The fact that the model only works in a laboratory environment may limit its clinical validity. , New treatment approaches: More efficient treatment strategies can be developed for rCHOP treatment. , Biomimetic challenges: It can be difficult for a 3D environment to reflect all biological dynamics. , , [ ] .

Techniques: Cell Culture, In Vitro, Shear

Journal: Biosensors

Article Title: Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers

doi: 10.3390/bios15030176

Figure Lengend Snippet: An outline of the review on BoCs for hematologic cancers.

Article Snippet: A 3D microfluidic model: A 3D modeling of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma microenvironment. , Limitations of the model: The fact that the model only works in a laboratory environment may limit its clinical validity. , New treatment approaches: More efficient treatment strategies can be developed for rCHOP treatment. , Biomimetic challenges: It can be difficult for a 3D environment to reflect all biological dynamics. , , [ ] .

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Comparison, Imaging

Journal: Biosensors

Article Title: Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers

doi: 10.3390/bios15030176

Figure Lengend Snippet: Some indications of bone microenvironment delineation in microfluidic chips.

Article Snippet: A 3D microfluidic model: A 3D modeling of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma microenvironment. , Limitations of the model: The fact that the model only works in a laboratory environment may limit its clinical validity. , New treatment approaches: More efficient treatment strategies can be developed for rCHOP treatment. , Biomimetic challenges: It can be difficult for a 3D environment to reflect all biological dynamics. , , [ ] .

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Immunohistochemistry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Gene Expression

Journal: Biosensors

Article Title: Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers

doi: 10.3390/bios15030176

Figure Lengend Snippet: SWOT analyses of Leukemia BoCs.

Article Snippet: A 3D microfluidic model: A 3D modeling of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma microenvironment. , Limitations of the model: The fact that the model only works in a laboratory environment may limit its clinical validity. , New treatment approaches: More efficient treatment strategies can be developed for rCHOP treatment. , Biomimetic challenges: It can be difficult for a 3D environment to reflect all biological dynamics. , , [ ] .

Techniques: In Vitro, Inhibition, Biomarker Discovery, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Biosensors

Article Title: Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers

doi: 10.3390/bios15030176

Figure Lengend Snippet: SWOT analyses of Lymphoma BoCs.

Article Snippet: A 3D microfluidic model: A 3D modeling of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma microenvironment. , Limitations of the model: The fact that the model only works in a laboratory environment may limit its clinical validity. , New treatment approaches: More efficient treatment strategies can be developed for rCHOP treatment. , Biomimetic challenges: It can be difficult for a 3D environment to reflect all biological dynamics. , , [ ] .

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Activation Assay, Inhibition, Permeability, Cell Counting

Journal: Biosensors

Article Title: Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers

doi: 10.3390/bios15030176

Figure Lengend Snippet: SWOT analyses of Myeloma BoCs.

Article Snippet: A 3D microfluidic model: A 3D modeling of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma microenvironment. , Limitations of the model: The fact that the model only works in a laboratory environment may limit its clinical validity. , New treatment approaches: More efficient treatment strategies can be developed for rCHOP treatment. , Biomimetic challenges: It can be difficult for a 3D environment to reflect all biological dynamics. , , [ ] .

Techniques: Generated, In Vitro, Biomarker Discovery, In Vivo, Ex Vivo, Cell Culture, Diffusion-based Assay, Functional Assay, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Biosensors

Article Title: Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers

doi: 10.3390/bios15030176

Figure Lengend Snippet: Related microfluidic chip studies on leukemia. ( a ) A platform consisting of 4 channels depicting the 3D bone marrow microenvironment embedded in collagen 1 is shown with SUP-B15 (green), osteoblasts (blue), and bone marrow stromal cells (red) , Copyright 2015, Plos One. ( b ) A dielectrophoretic microfluidic chip was developed to capture AML patient samples at the single-cell level and to measure MDR. (sub-a) Image of microchip filled with blue food dye. (sub-b) Layout of the microfluidic DEP chip, left reservoir (1) serves as cell inlet, middle reservoir (2) serves as drug delivery, and right reservoir (3) serves as waste. (sub-c) Close-up view of the compartment with DEP electrode. (sub-d,e) An image of a cell held near electrode A is shown in red square , Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. ( c ) A microfluidic chip was developed by combining dielectrophoretic detection and impedimetric counting techniques and its effectiveness in selecting drug-resistant clones of K562 and CCRF-CEM. (sub-a) The trapping ratio of K562/wt and K562/imaR cells. (sub-b) The trapping ratio of CCRF-CEM/wt and CCRF-CEM/doxR cells in different buffers, with 108, 125, and 160 mS/m conductivity (*: p < 0.05) , Copyright 2021, Springer Nature. ( d ) (sub-A) Schematic of a 3-channel microfluidic system simulating leukemia cell-mediated angiogenesis. (sub-B) Phase-contrast images showing the invasion of endothelial cells in the collagen gel to form neovessels on days 0–3. (sub-C) Confocal image of endothelial cells germinating and migrating from the collagenous channel to the leukemic channel on day 3 [F-actin (green) and nuclei (red)]. The tip cells are indicated with dashed lines and the distance between them and the collagenous channel is shown as the invasion distance , Copyright 2016, Advanced Healthcare Materials.

Article Snippet: A 3D microfluidic model: A 3D modeling of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma microenvironment. , Limitations of the model: The fact that the model only works in a laboratory environment may limit its clinical validity. , New treatment approaches: More efficient treatment strategies can be developed for rCHOP treatment. , Biomimetic challenges: It can be difficult for a 3D environment to reflect all biological dynamics. , , [ ] .

Techniques: MicroChIP Assay, Clone Assay

Journal: Biosensors

Article Title: Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers

doi: 10.3390/bios15030176

Figure Lengend Snippet: Related studies on the characterization of the lymphoma microenvironment. ( a ) Organoids were formed by encapsulating B- and T-cell lymphomas with follicular dendritic cells in a hydrogel, and the effect of Panobinostat on BCR expression was investigated (ns: non-significant, # and *: p < 0.05) , Copyright 2015, Biomaterials. ( b ) Droplet microfluidic platform developed for B-cell NHL and the effect of NK cells on patient samples , Copyright 2017, Frontiers in Immunology. ( c ) Nine FL patient samples with morphologies observed by bright-field microscopy and 3D reconstruction by IMARIS (880 confocal acquisitions at ×10 magnification) of treatment responses for patients 2, 3, and 4 , Copyright 2023, Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer. ( d ) General schematic of DLBCL-on-a-chip and confocal micrographs from specific regions. MLMVECs were cultured in the DLBCL hydrogel in compartment A and the PDMS macrostructure in compartment B. The endothelial monolayer (white dotted line) in compartment C recapitulates the DLBCL tumor microenvironment by proliferating close to T cells, B cells, and macrophages within the DLBCL hydrogel , Copyright 2017, Lab on a Chip.

Article Snippet: A 3D microfluidic model: A 3D modeling of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma microenvironment. , Limitations of the model: The fact that the model only works in a laboratory environment may limit its clinical validity. , New treatment approaches: More efficient treatment strategies can be developed for rCHOP treatment. , Biomimetic challenges: It can be difficult for a 3D environment to reflect all biological dynamics. , , [ ] .

Techniques: Expressing, Microscopy, Cell Culture, Lab-on-a-Chip

Journal: Biosensors

Article Title: Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers

doi: 10.3390/bios15030176

Figure Lengend Snippet: Related studies on MM microenvironment ( a ) Schematic of 3D cultured cells and bone marrow microenvironment. Survival rates of MM cells in 24 hours (sub-a) bortezomib and (sub-b) carfilzomib treatment in different culturing techniques (*: p < 0.05) , Copyright 2015, Biomaterials. ( b ) Schematic of the 96-well plate-based perfusion device and the interactions required for maintenance of MM samples from the patient , Copyright 2015, Plos One. ( c ) Microfluidic platform where MM and stromal cells communicate via diffusion channels and IL-6, VEGF, and TNF-α concentrations under different coculture conditions (*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001) [ , ], Copyright 2012, Blood and Copyright 2016, Biomicrofluidics. ( d ) Schematic of the double-layered hydrogel bead generator and therapeutic effect of bortezomib and lenalidomide in patient-derived MM cells , Copyright 2020, Micromachines.

Article Snippet: A 3D microfluidic model: A 3D modeling of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma microenvironment. , Limitations of the model: The fact that the model only works in a laboratory environment may limit its clinical validity. , New treatment approaches: More efficient treatment strategies can be developed for rCHOP treatment. , Biomimetic challenges: It can be difficult for a 3D environment to reflect all biological dynamics. , , [ ] .

Techniques: Cell Culture, Diffusion-based Assay, Derivative Assay

Journal: Biosensors

Article Title: Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers

doi: 10.3390/bios15030176

Figure Lengend Snippet: SWOT analyses of drug testing and imaging BoCs.

Article Snippet: A 3D microfluidic model: A 3D modeling of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma microenvironment. , Limitations of the model: The fact that the model only works in a laboratory environment may limit its clinical validity. , New treatment approaches: More efficient treatment strategies can be developed for rCHOP treatment. , Biomimetic challenges: It can be difficult for a 3D environment to reflect all biological dynamics. , , [ ] .

Techniques: Imaging, High Throughput Screening Assay, Drug discovery, Cloning, Cell Analysis, Cytometry, Single-cell Analysis, Cell Culture, Biomarker Discovery